微波法从虎杖中提取白藜芦醇工艺

研究了微波法提取虎杖中的白藜芦醇,通过正交实验初步确定微波功率、乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间4个因素对提取效果的影响并确立最佳的提取工艺条件为：微波功率700W ,乙醇浓度70％,料液比1∶20,微波时间20min。     

海洋沉积物中重金属含量测定样品前处理方法研究

采用正交设计试验法对测定海洋沉积物中重金属含量的样品前处理方法进行了比较研究。结果表明。在王水、氢氟酸、高氯酸消解体系下，采用微波消解一原子吸收分光光度法测定重金属含量，省时，试剂用量少，结果准确，重现性好。     

Haemolymph metabolic variables in relation to eyestalk ablation and gonad development of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Boone

The present study analyses some biochemical variables in haemolymph proposed as predictive indicators of the maturation capability following eyestalk ablation. Haemolymph of captive females was obtained before and 8 days after eyestalk ablation, and levels of haemocyanin, total proteins, glucose, lactate, cholesterol, triacylglycerides and vitellogenin were determined. Biochemical variables were also analysed in the hepatopancreas at the end of the experiment. Females were grouped as immature (previtellogenic stage) and mature (vitellogenic and cortical stages) based on histological analysis done 8 days after eyestalk ablation. To analyse haemolymph variables before eyestalk ablation in relation to maturation capability, immature females were classified as those with a low maturation capability and mature females as those with a high maturation capability. Females of high maturation capability had significantly higher vitellogenin levels before eyestalk ablation than females of low maturation capability. No significant differences were found for the other biochemical variables. Vitellogenin was also higher in mature than in immature females at the end of the experiment. These results indicate that vitellogenin levels in haemolymph could be used as possible predictive criteria of maturation capability, possibly because they reflect the degree of ovarian development at the time of eyestalk ablation.     

吸波材料辅助发泡蓝莓果浆微波冷冻干燥的试验研究

针对常规冷冻干燥时间长、能耗高的问题,试验研究了吸波材料辅助的发泡蓝莓果浆微波冷冻干燥过程,并对产品质量进行了评价。制备了未发泡与发泡两种冷冻样品,分别使用石英和碳化硅底盘进行了常规和微波冷冻干燥试验。结果表明,采用石英底盘在30 ℃、15 Pa下,发泡物料的冷冻干燥时间相比于未发泡物料缩短了39.1%。采用碳化硅底盘在相同条件和2 W微波功率下,发泡物料微波冷冻干燥时间比发泡与未发泡物料常规冷冻干燥分别缩短了14.3%和47.8%;当功率提高至4 W时,干燥时间分别缩短了25.0%和54.3%。常规和微波冷冻干燥产品质量相当,总单体花色苷和总多酚的保留率相比于原果浆均分别在80%和75%以上。结果表明,吸波材料辅助的发泡物料微波冷冻干燥能够大幅度缩短干燥时间、提高干燥过程经济性。     

ICP-MS法测定沙棘籽油中13种微量元素

沙棘籽油样品经微波消解处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定所得样品溶液中铁、硒、锌、钾、钠、钙、镁、铜、锰、铅、砷、汞、镉等13种微量元素的含量。使用动态反应池技术消除了多原子离子对部分被测元素的干扰。方法快速准确、灵敏度高,加标回收率在95.5%~102.8%之间,相对标准偏差小于3%。     

Effects of Various Degrees of Antennal Ablation on Mating and Oviposition Preferences of the Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella L.

Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.     

微波辅助提取凤尾蕨中总黄酮的工艺研究

以黄酮提取率为考察指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验,进行了微波辅助乙醇提取凤尾蕨(Pteris multifide Poir)中总黄酮的研究,得到微波辅助提取凤尾蕨中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数60％,料液比1∶60(g∶mL),微波功率320W,微波提取时间60 s.此工艺条件下,凤尾蕨中总黄酮的提取率为3.318％.     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定豆粉中总汞的不确定度评定

为了得到准确而完善的检测结果,对微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定豆粉中总汞结果的不确定度进行了评定,结合各不确定度分量对测定方法中不确定度的主要来源进行了分析。结果表明:样品的前处理方法以及试样的重复性对获得准确测定结果尤为重要,标准曲线的配制也是重要的不确定度来源,同时需要确保仪器的稳定性,而试样定容和样品称样引入的不确定度极低,可以忽略。通过不确定度的评定,明确了测定过程中主要误差的来源,为降低检测过程中的误差提供了依据。     

电磁微波共轭杀青对乌龙茶杀青叶理化变化的影响

将电磁微波共轭杀青工艺应用于乌龙茶杀青,通过单因素试验和正交试验,探讨电磁杀青滚筒温度、转速以及微波磁控管开启个数、微波杀青带速等因素对乌龙茶杀青叶理化变化的影响。结果表明,电磁微波共轭杀青较佳工艺参数为：高温滚筒杀青温度310℃,滚筒转速为10 r·min-1,低温滚筒温度150℃,配套微波杀青,微波电磁管开启6个,输送带带速为0.14 m·s-1,且共轭杀青最佳含水率为35％左右。     

一种微波功率可调的热风微波耦合干燥装置

现有的微波发出功率多采用时间间断式控制,磁控管的发射功率恒定,通过改变磁控管的通断时间实现微波平均输出功率的调节,这种方式不能改变微波的瞬间功率,微波功率输出控制不精确,对物料品质影响较大。为此,设计了一种微波耦合干燥装置,通过改变磁控管高压回路的电容,使磁控管高压回路的阻抗发生改变,以达到微波发出功率的线性可调。以马铃薯为试验研究对象,在热风温度为60°C、电容值魏0、0.25、0.33、0.5、1!F)的条件下进行干燥对比试验,试验结果表明:热风微波耦合的干燥效率明显优于单一热风干燥,速度快、能耗低。热风微波耦合干燥是一种快速,高效和节能的干燥方式,在农产品和食品干燥中具有广阔的应用前景。